“Duke
Huan of Chi’i was reading a book at the upper end of the hall; the wheelwright
was making a wheel at the lower end. Putting aside his mallet and chisel,
he called to the Duke and asked him what book he was reading. ‘One that records
the words of the Sages,’ answered the Duke. ‘Are those Sages alive?’ asked the
wheelwright. ‘Oh, no,’ said the Duke, ‘they are dead.’ ‘In that case,’ said the
wheelwright, ‘what you are reading can be nothing but the lees and scum of
bygone men.’ ‘How dare you, a wheelwright, find fault with the book I am
reading. If you can explain your statement, I will let it pass. If not, you
shall die.’ ‘Speaking as a wheelwright,’ he replied, ‘I look at the matter in this
way; when I am making a wheel, if my stroke is too slow, then it bites deep but
is not steady; if my stroke is too fast, then it is steady, but it does not go
deep. The right pace, neither slow nor fast, cannot get into the hand unless it
comes from the heart. It is a thing that cannot be put into rules; there is an
art in it that I cannot explain to my son. That is why it is impossible for me
to let him take over my work, and here I am at the age of seventy still making
wheels. In my opinion it must have been the same with the men of old. All that
was worth handing on, died with them; the rest, they put in their books. That
is why I said that what you were reading was the lees and scum of bygone men.'”
— Chuang Tzu
Cited in
Oakeshott, Rationalism in Politics and Other Essays, 1962, p.9
posted by Sylvia D'souza at 12:57 am
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